Plectranthus amboinicus (Cuban Oregano) Scientific Name. In the USA, the species occurs as a perennial shrub (USDA-NRCS, 2014). Botanical name: Coleus amboinicus Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family) Synonyms: Plectranthus amboinicus, Coleus aromaticus, Plectranthus aromaticus. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae (the mint or deadnettle family), native to southeast Asia through to Australia. Stearns dictionary of plant names for gardeners: A handbok on the origin and meaning of the botanical names of some cultivated plants. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/, Humbert H, 1951. This plant is nicknamed “amboinicus” from Ambon, an island where a botanist lives, his name is … DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.011. up, densely hairy. Common names for Plectranthus amboinicus: Barbados Thyme, Country Borage, Cuban Oregano, Five Seasons Herb, French Thyme, Indian Mint, Jamaican Thyme, Mexican Oregano, Soup Mint, Spanish Thyme, Plectranthus amboinicus is included in the following B and T … There are no pictures available for this datasheet, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, http://www.nhbs.com/title/79635/flore-de-madagascar-et-des-comores-fam-175, http://www.forgottenbooks.org/books/Botanical_Publications_of_E_D_Merrill_1000888541, http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf, http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/lami.htm, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm, http://www.nhbs.com/title/79635/flore-de-m, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Protected agriculture (e.g. Berlin, Germany: Springer. , 2012. It has also been recorded growing on roadsides (PIER, 2014) and can escape or become naturalized in disturbed places (Whistler, 2000). - Labiatae [Lamiaceae]. Its most popular latin name is Plectranthus amboinicus, but this name is also used commonly, mistakenly for closely related species Plectranthus tomentosa, Plectrantus cremnus and their many hybrids. Common Name : Cuban Oregano, Indian Borage, Indian Mint, Mexican Mint Plant Family : Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Plant Form : Succulents Occurrence (Special Areas) : Indroda Park About Plectranthus amboinicus Plant : Habit : A sprawling, perennial and succulent herb with short hairs and fleshy stems. Richmond, London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It is large succulent aromatic perennial herb, shrubby below, hispidly villous or tomentose. pink, 8-12 mm long - the upper lip is up to 4.5 x 3 mm, erect, the lower http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, CABI, Undated. It can tolerate a range of soil conditions, shade, and moisture (Whistler, 2000). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 584 pp. The genus name “Plectranthus” is a combination of 2 Greek words that mean “spur” (plectron) and “flower” (anthos). CABI is a registered EU trademark. Scientific Classification. Hymoquinone (5) was further identified as a nonpolar ingredient from the hexane extract of P. amboinicus to suppress the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Because of the lack of clear-cut morphological criteria to discriminate not only among species within the Plectranthus genus but also among the closely related genera, numerous taxonomic problems in the naming of species have resulted in misplacement of species in several closely related genera like Coleus, Solenostemon and Englerastrum (Lukhoba et al., 2006). The margins are coarsely crenate to dentate-crenate except in the base. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2014. It is shade tolerant (PIER, 2014). Whistler WA, 2000. 1192 pp. Cape Town, South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium. Plants of the Eastern Caribbean., Barbados: University of the West Indies. It is used medicinally in Brazil for the treatment of skin ulcerations caused by Leishmania braziliensis, in Malaysia to treat burns and as a poultice for centipedes and scorpion bites, and in India, the juice of the leaves is used to treat skin allergies (Lukhoba et al., 2006). Further research is recommended on control of the species. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) London, UK: Cassell. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Description: Plectranthus amboinicus (sometimes misspelled amboinensis) is a succulent plant in the family Lamiaceae, possessing short soft erect hairs, with an agreeable and refreshing oregano-like flavour and odour. The origin of Cuban Oregano is unknown - it is widely P. amboinicus has spread to most tropical parts of the world through intentional human introduction for cultivation. View other plants in this family QR code link View other plants in this genus Preferred Common Name. Flora Mesoamericana. Online Database. The leaves are also eaten as a vegetable, as well as for washing clothes, hair, and laundry due to its fragrance (Whistler, 2000; Wyk, 2005; Lukhoba et al., 2006). Synonyms. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Family 175- Labiatae). Preferred Scientific Name. This evergreen perennial works well in mixed beds and mass plantings and as a ground-cover. Flora Mesoamericana., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. Flowers are pale blue or mauve to P. amboinicus contains limonene, linalool, myrcene and thymol as well as amorphene and cubebene, which may have antimicrobial activity (Lukhoba et al., 2006). Leaves Photograph by: Mokkie. USDA-ARS, 2014. Symbolae Antillanae: Seu fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis. The PLANTS Database. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) We then synthesized 2-alkylidenyl-4-cyclopentene-1,3-diones as the designed biomimetics of thymoquinone, and found that compounds 8a, 8b and 8d were more potent TNF-α inhibitors An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants [reprint]. University of Hawaii, 2014. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. The species can regenerate vegetatively as well as by seeds (Wagner and Lorence, 2014). In Bolivia the species is cultivated in semideciduous forest (Bolivia Checklist, 2014). World Checklist of Lamiaceae. Leaf blade is fleshy, broadly ovate to circular, Plant common names… not so much. 103 (1), 1-24. Filaments of stamens are mostly fused into This family includes some of the most well-known herbs containing essential oils including lavender, sage, basil, mint and oregano. Plectranthus species are also used for dry season fodder (Lukhoba et al., 2006). can also be used to flavour meat dishes, especially beef, lamb and game. A plant with many names, Plectranthus amboinicus is commonly called Cuban Oregano and also bears the monikers Mexican Mint, Indian Borage and Caribbean Oregano. Meyer JY, 2000. Plectranthus amboinicus, once recognized as Coleus amboinicus, is a semi-succulent perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae which includes common herbs such as basil, mint, oregano, sage, rosemary, and thyme with a pungent oregano-like flavor and odor. > 0°C, dry winters), Widely cultivated in home gardens and commercially for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental use, Used medicinally in Africa, Asia, Pacific and Americas, Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies, GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. Flower stalks are slender, up to 5 mm long. Funk V; Hollowell T; Berry P; Kelloff C; Alexander SN, 2007. Spreng. Govaerts R, 2014. Labiatae (South Australia) Lamiaceae (Queensland, New South Wales, the ACT, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Northern Territory) It competes with native flora by forming dense thickets (PIER, 2014) and can regenerate both vegetatively and by seed (Whistler, 2000; Wagner and Lorence, 2014). The origin of P. amboinicus is thought to be tropical Africa, from whence it was introduced into India and then various parts of Asia by early explorers (Hanelt et al., 2001; Roux, 2003; Wyk, 2005; USDA-ARS, 2014; Wagner and Lorence, 2014).). Other common names: Cuban oregano, Spanish/French thyme, Indian borage, Indian mint, country borage It’s origin is unknown, but it is likely native to India or Africa. English: country borage; Cuban oregano; French thyme; Indian mint; Mexican mint; soup mint; Spanish thyme Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. http://www.forgottenbooks.org/books/Botanical_Publications_of_E_D_Merrill_1000888541. Merrill E D, 1923. Wyk BEvan, 2005. Barbados: University of the West Indies. Flora of Madagascar and the Comoros. The Indian Borage plant has the name “Plectranthus” which comes from the Greek “plectron”, meaning spur, and “Anthos”, meaning flower, this refers to a flower that is shaped like a nail. http://www.tropicos.org/. 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Spreng. National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. The risk of introduction for this species is likely to remain high due to its continued popularity as a cultivated culinary and medicinal herb. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Since it is a popular and widely used herb, it may continue to escape cultivation and invade native ecosystems. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, Flora Mesoamericana, 2014. Spreng; Synonyms : Coleus amboinicus Lour. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. ); Afrika-tiemie, krui-spoorsalie (Afr.) Flora de Madagascar et des Comores. Honolulu, USA: University of Hawaii. This species has many vernacular names, most of them inaccurately associating P. amboinicus as a mint, thyme, or oregano. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Accidental introduction to the wild has also occurred; the species can regenerate by both seeds and vegetative fragments, and is known to be a cultivation escape (PIER, 2014). > 10°C, Cold average temp. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Bolivia, Tropicos website., St. Louis, Missouri; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Family 175- Labiatae (Flora of Madagascar and the Comoros. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa. glasshouse production), Tropical monsoon climate ( < 60mm precipitation driest month but > (100 - [total annual precipitation(mm}/25])), As - Tropical savanna climate with dry summer, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in summer) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Common names: African thyme, French thyme, country borage, Indian borage, Indian mint, broad-leaf thyme, soup mint (Eng. Spreng. Lukhoba CW; Simmonds MSJ; Paton AJ, 2006. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Randall RP, 2012. From there it went to Solenostemon scutellarioides, but recently the … http://www.tropicos.org/Project/FM, Govaerts R, 2014. They are thickly stu… Let’s start with what it is not. http://www.nhbs.com/title/79635/flore-de-m, Lukhoba C W, Simmonds M S J, Paton A J, 2006. For many years, the genus and species of this plant was Coleus blumei. I see the reason for the confusion! Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. [Wagner and Lorence, 2014]. Humbert H, 1951. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96. P. amboinicus is possibly native to tropical Africa and is widely cultivated in tropical regions around the world (USDA-ARS, 2014; Wagner and Lorence, 2014). Department of Botany Vascular Plant Family Access Page: Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (except Ornamentals). http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. excellent addition to stuffings for meat and poultry. The Many Health Benefits of Panikoorka. Family 175. PIER, 2014. The plant is sometimes prostrate at base, with the branchlets rising up, densely hairy. Plectranthus is a paleotropical genus comprising around 300 species of annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, often succulent (Wagner and Lorence, 2014). Plectranthus species are also used for dry season fodder (Lukhoba et al., 2006), which might also result in further spread. P. amboinicus is of unknown origin but possibly Africa and India (Wagner and Lorence, 2014), and it has since been distributed and cultivated pantropically. It is considered a common weed in South Africa (Roux, 2003). P. amboinicus is an aromatic herb listed in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) as “cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed” and is known to be invasive outside of its native range including Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012) and the Pacific Islands (PIER, 2014). Portland, OR, USA: Timber Press, 480 pp. Leaves are fleshy, broadly ovate, 4 to 9 centimeters long, often heart-shaped, and somewhat hairy, with rounded toothed margins, with the tip and base decurrent. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) International Common Names. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(1):1-24. Plectranthus is a large genus of plants native to areas in the Southern Hemisphere containing approximately 350 species. Online database. Plectranthus amboinicus Common name: Cuban oregano Other common names: Ajwain leaf, Broad leaf thyme, Country borage, French thyme, Indian borage, Indian mint, Mexican mint, Soup mint, Spanish thyme, Three in one St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. It is known to grow in rocky, loamy or sandy soil (Roux, 2003). Plants in the Plectranthus genus are closely related to mint as they are part of the same family—the Lamiaceae family. Finely chopped, they Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing. rhombic, or kidney-shaped, 4-10 cm long, 3-9 cm broad, coarsely toothed at Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp. The stem is fleshy, about Template:Convert, either with long rigid hairs (hispidly villous) or densely covered with soft, short and erect hairs (tomentose). Stearn WT, 1992. Cuban oregano isn’t actually oregano, or even mint, thyme, or borage. Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing. The species reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively (Wagner and Lorence, 2014) and forms dense carpets in shaded dry forest (PIER, 2014). The PLANTS Database. P. amboinicus is widely cultivated as a medicinal plant, potherb, ornamental, and condiment in tropical regions around the world. Tropical ornamentals. Flora of South Africa. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. P. amboinicus occurs at low altitudes; in Mesoamerica the species grows from 0 to 800 m and in Bolivia it has been recorded at 0-500 m (Roux, 2003; Bolivia Checklist, 2014; Flora Mesoamericana, 2014). Its most popular latin name is Plectranthus amboinicus, but this name is also used commonly, mistakenly for closely related species Plectranthus tomentosa, Plectrantus cremnus and their many hybrids. In Singapore, it is best grown in semi-shade, but it can be grown in full sun in temperate climates. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/lami.htm. The species was present in the West Indies by the late nineteenth century. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries). The Lamiacae, or mint family, is a family of herbs, shrubs, and trees comprising about 200 genera and 3200 species, many with a long history of medicinal and food use (University of Hawaii, 2014). Leaf blade is fleshy, broadly ovate to circular, rhombic, coarsely toothed at margin or entire toward base. Although it is known to be cultivated in South America, the species was not included in Funk et al.’s (2007) work on the Guiana Shield or the Brazilian flora of Forzza et al. Roux JP, 2003. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Randall RP, 2012. Habit: It is a mound-forming succulent subshrubs, shrubby at the base, much branched up to 150 (or more)cm in diameter and 30-90 cm tall if left untrimmed. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2014. (Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. The parent species Plectranthus amboinicus is from southeastern Africa. Botany Suganda is an erect, spreading, branched, rather coarse, strongly aromatic, green herb, with fleshy stems. Cuban Oregano is a sprawling and somewhat succulent herb, growing to 1 m http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Bolivia Checklist, 2014. Merrill ED, 1923. Roux JP, 2003. The leaves are strongly flavoured and make an Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98:1192 pp. Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Indian borage; Other Scientific Names. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Flowers are … http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Bolivia Checklist, 2014. Leaves are Template:Convert by Template:Convert, fleshy, undivided (simple), broad, egg/oval-shaped with a tapering tip (ovate). Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses. Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses. http://plants.usda.gov/, Wagner WL; Lorence DH, 2014. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm. The species epithet “amboinicus” is derived from Ambon, an island in the East Indies where Rumphius, a well-known botanist, is from. Best grown in full sun in temperate climates conditions, shade, and moisture ( Whistler, ). New browser determined by CABI editor species was present in the Pacific a... Some cultivated plants, branched, rather coarse, strongly aromatic, green herb, shrubby below, villous... In Amboina, Moluccas, resulting in its species Name amboinicus ( Roux, ). T actually Oregano, or, USA: Smithsonian Institution //plants.sc.egov.usda.gov, Wagner,... 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